Stable and recyclable FeS-CMC-based peroxydisulfate activation for effective bisphenol A reduction: performance and mechanism

Zijun Tan; Jiaqu Tan; Zijiang Yang; Wenxin Sun; Aiying Guo; Jinjin Wang; Yongtao Li; Xueming Lin

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139129

Stable and recyclable FeS-CMC-based peroxydisulfate activation for effective bisphenol A reduction: performance and mechanism

Chemosphere. 2023 Sep:335:139129. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139129. Epub 2023 Jun 4.

Authors

Zijun Tan¹, Jiaqu Tan¹, Zijiang Yang¹, Wenxin Sun², Aiying Guo², Jinjin Wang³, Yongtao Li¹, Xueming Lin⁴

Affiliations

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
² College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
³ College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China. Electronic address: wangjinjin@scau.edu.cn.
⁴ College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China. Electronic address: xm.lin@scau.edu.cn.

PMID: 37279822
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139129

Abstract

In this study, a novel material, iron sulfide modified by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (FeS-CMC), was successfully synthetized for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to remove bisphenol A (BPA). Characterization results showed that FeS-CMC had more attachment sites for PDS activation due to its higher specific surface area. A stronger negative potential contributed to preventing nanoparticles from reuniting in the reaction and improving the interparticle electrostatic interactions of the materials. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis of FeS-CMC suggested that the coordination of the ligand for combining sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with FeS was monodentate. A total of 98.4% BPA was decomposed by the FeS-CMC/PDS system after 20 min under optimized conditions (pH = 3.60, [FeS-CMC] = 0.05 g/L and [PDS] = 0.88 mM). The isoelectric point (pH_pzc) of FeS-CMC is 5.20, and FeS-CMC contributed to reducing BPA under acidic conditions but showed a negative effect under basic conditions. The presence of HCO₃^-, NO₃^- and HA inhibited BPA degradation by FeS-CMC/PDS, while excess Cl^- accelerated the reaction. FeS-CMC exhibited excellent performance in oxidation resistance with a final removal degree of 95.0%, while FeS was only 20.0%. Furthermore, FeS-CMC showed excellent reusability and still reached 90.2% after triple reusability experiments. The study confirmed that the homogeneous reaction was the primary part of the system. Surface-bound Fe(II) and S (-II) were found to be the major electron donors during activation, and the reduction of S (-II) contributed to the cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II). Sulfate radicals (SO₄^•-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (O₂^•-) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) were produced at the surface of FeS-CMC and accelerated the decomposition of BPA. This study offered a theoretical basis for improving the oxidation resistance and reusability of iron-based materials in the presence of advanced oxidation processes.

Keywords: Iron sulfide (FeS); Oxidation resistance; Peroxydisulfate; Reusability; Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

MeSH terms

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium* / chemistry
Ferric Compounds*
Ferrous Compounds / chemistry
Oxidation-Reduction
Sodium

Substances

bisphenol A
Ferric Compounds
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Ferrous Compounds
Sodium