Cross-cultural Study of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) across the Portuguese and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Community and Clinical Populations

Olga Coelho; Rute Pires; Ana Sousa Ferreira; Bruno Gonçalves; Samia A Alkhoori; Mohamed Sayed; Amany ElRasheed; Maryam AlJassmi; Joana Henriques-Calado; Joana Stocker

doi:10.2174/17450179-v18-e2207130

Cross-cultural Study of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) across the Portuguese and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Community and Clinical Populations

Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2022 Aug 26:18:e174501792207130. doi: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2207130. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Olga Coelho¹, Rute Pires^{1

2}, Ana Sousa Ferreira^{2

3}, Bruno Gonçalves^{1

2}, Samia A Alkhoori⁴, Mohamed Sayed⁵, Amany ElRasheed⁶, Maryam AlJassmi⁷, Joana Henriques-Calado^{1

2}, Joana Stocker⁴

Affiliations

¹ CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal.
² Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal.
³ Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Business Research Unit, Av. das Forças Armadas 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal.
⁴ Rashid Hospital, Oud Metha Road, P.O. Box 4545, Dubai, UAE.
⁵ National Rehabilitation Center, Shakhbout City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
⁶ Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Al Awirs Road, P.O. Box 63932, Dubai, UAE.
⁷ College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 19282 Dubai, U.A.E.

Abstract

Aims: The present paper focused on compare the PID-5 mean score levels across two matched community and clinical samples of Portugal and the UAE.

Background: The generalizability and universality of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders has been thoroughly studied through the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) across countries and languages. However, studies comparing Western and Middle Eastern countries are still limited, in particular those who assess the PID-5 measurement invariance.

Objectives: We examined measurement invariance of the PID-5 scales across matched Emirati and Portuguese clinical and nonclinical groups, as well as compare and contrast the PID-5 mean score levels across both countries and samples.

Methods: The Arabic and the Portuguese versions of the PID-5 was administered to Emirati community participants (N = 300, 80% women and 20% men, M_age = 27.95) which were matched with Portuguese community participants (N = 300, 80.3% women and 19.7% men, M_age = 28.96), as well as clinical participants of the UAE (N = 150, 61.3% women and 38.7% men, M_age = 31.29) and Portugal (N = 150, 52% men and 48% women, M_age = 44.97). We examined measurement invariance through an unrestricted Factor Analysis based program, and mean scores levels were compared and analyzed.

Results: Our findings supported the PID-5 measurement invariance across the Emirati and Portuguese clinical samples pointing to the universality and generalizability of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders. The Emirati psychiatric sample exhibited somehow higher results than the Portuguese psychiatric participants, albeit the small effect size for most of the PID-5 scales.

Conclusion: Further research is needed to examine the applicability of the PID-5 across non-clinical representative samples of Portugal and the UAE, and other Middle Eastern countries.

Keywords: Alternative model of personality disorders; Arabic version of the PID-5; Cross-cultural personality study; Personality traits; Portuguese version of the PID-5; Score levels.