Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Fortified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Atomoxetine

Hana M Abumelha; Ali Q Alorabi; Hussain Alessa; Nasser A Alamrani; Arwa Alharbi; Ali A Keshk; Nashwa M El-Metwaly

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01726

Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Fortified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Atomoxetine

ACS Omega. 2023 May 18;8(21):19006-19015. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01726. eCollection 2023 May 30.

Authors

Hana M Abumelha¹, Ali Q Alorabi², Hussain Alessa³, Nasser A Alamrani⁴, Arwa Alharbi³, Ali A Keshk⁴, Nashwa M El-Metwaly^{3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65799, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.

Abstract

Herein, the fabrication and full characterization of a novel atomoxetine (ATX) voltammetric carbon paste electrode (CPE) fortified with iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) is demonstrated. Modification of the carbon paste matrix with the metallic oxide nanostructure provides proper electrocatalytic activity against the oxidation of ATX molecules at the carbon paste surface, resulting in a noticeable improvement in the performance of the sensor. At the recommended pH value, ATX recorded an irreversible anodic peak at 1.17 V, following a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism. Differential pulse voltammograms exhibited peak heights linearly correlated to the ATX content within a wide concentration range from 45 to 8680 ng mL^-1, with the limit of detection reaching 11.55 ng mL^-1. The electrooxidation mechanism of the ATX molecule was proposed to be the oxidation of the terminal amino group accompanied by the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The fabricated FeONPs/CPE sensors exhibited enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and therefore can be introduced for voltammetric assaying of atomoxetine-indifferent pharmaceutical and biological samples in the presence of its degradation products and metabolites.