The occurrence of "yellowing" phenomenon and its main driving factors after the remediation of chromium (Cr)-contaminated soils: A literature review

Hao-Kai Li; Da-Mao Xu; Jun-Xian Wang; Ze-Lin Xu; Rong-Bing Fu

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131698

The occurrence of "yellowing" phenomenon and its main driving factors after the remediation of chromium (Cr)-contaminated soils: A literature review

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Sep 5:457:131698. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131698. Epub 2023 May 24.

Authors

Hao-Kai Li¹, Da-Mao Xu¹, Jun-Xian Wang¹, Ze-Lin Xu¹, Rong-Bing Fu²

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
² Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: furongbing@tongji.edu.cn.

PMID: 37270962
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131698

Abstract

Chromium (Cr) is a highly toxic element, which is widely present in environment due to industrial activities. One of most applicable technique to clean up Cr pollution is chemical reduction. However, the Cr(VI) concentration in soil increases again after remediation, and meanwhile the yellow soil would appear, which is commonly called as "yellowing" phenomenon. To date, the reason behind the phenomenon has been disputed for decades. This study aimed to introduce the possible "yellowing" mechanism and the influencing factors based on the extensive literature review. In this work, the concept of "yellowing" phenomenon was explained, and the most potential reasons include the reoxidation of manganese (Mn) oxides and mass transfer were summarized. Based on the reported finding and results, the large area of "yellowing" is likely to be caused by the re-migration of Cr(VI), since it could not sufficiently contact with the reductant under the effects of the mass transfer. In addition, other driving factors also control the occurrence of "yellowing" phenomenon. This review provides valuable reference for the academic peers participating in the Cr-contaminated sites remediation.

Keywords: Cr "Yellowing"; Cr pollution; Mass transfer; Reoxidation; Soil.

Publication types

Review