Activation of Piezo1 channels in compressed red blood cells augments platelet-driven contraction of blood clots

Abstract

Background: Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive cationic channel that boosts intracellular [Ca²⁺]_i. Compression of red blood cells (RBCs) during platelet-driven contraction of blood clots may cause the activation of Piezo1.

Objectives: To establish relationships between Piezo1 activity and blood clot contraction.

Methods: Effects of a Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1, and antagonist, GsMTx-4, on clot contraction in vitro were studied in human blood containing physiological [Ca²⁺]. Clot contraction was induced by exogenous thrombin. Activation of Piezo1 was assessed by Ca²⁺ influx in RBCs and with other functional and morphologic features.

Results: Piezo1 channels in compressed RBCs are activated naturally during blood clot contraction and induce an upsurge in the intracellular [Ca²⁺]_i, followed by phosphatidylserine exposure. Adding the Piezo1 agonist Yoda1 to whole blood increased the extent of clot contraction due to Ca²⁺-dependent volumetric shrinkage of RBCs and increased platelet contractility due to their hyperactivation by the enhanced generation of endogenous thrombin on activated RBCs. Addition of rivaroxaban, the inhibitor of thrombin formation, or elimination of Ca²⁺ from the extracellular space abrogated the stimulating effect of Yoda1 on clot contraction. The Piezo1 antagonist, GsMTx-4, caused a decrease in the extent of clot contraction relative to the control both in whole blood and in platelet-rich plasma. Activated Piezo1 in compressed and deformed RBCs amplified the platelet contractility as a positive feedback mechanism during clot contraction.

Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate that the Piezo1 channel expressed on RBCs comprises a mechanochemical modulator of blood clotting that may be considered a potential therapeutic target to correct hemostatic disorders.

Keywords: Piezo1; blood clotting; clot contraction; platelets; red blood cells.