Osteogenic microenvironment affects palatal development through glycolysis

Xia Peng; Jing Chen; Yijia Wang; Xiaotong Wang; Xige Zhao; Xiaoyu Zheng; Zhiwei Wang; Dong Yuan; Juan Du

doi:10.1016/j.diff.2023.05.002

Osteogenic microenvironment affects palatal development through glycolysis

Differentiation. 2023 Sep-Oct:133:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 May 25.

Authors

Xia Peng¹, Jing Chen¹, Yijia Wang¹, Xiaotong Wang¹, Xige Zhao¹, Xiaoyu Zheng¹, Zhiwei Wang¹, Dong Yuan², Juan Du³

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
² Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China.
³ Laboratory of Orofacial Development, Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing, 100050, China. Electronic address: juandug@ccmu.edu.cn.

PMID: 37267667
DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.05.002

Abstract

Palate development involves various events, including proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Disruption of these processes can result in the cleft palate (CP). Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells are commonly used to explore the mechanism of palatal development and CP. However, the role of the microenvironment in the biological properties of MEPM cells, which undergoes dynamic changes during palate development, is rarely reported. In this study, we investigated whether there were differences between the palatal shelf mesenchyme at different developmental stages. Our results found that the palatal shelves facilitate proliferation at the early palate stage at mouse embryonic day (E) 13.5 and the tendency towards osteogenesis at E15.5, the late palate development stage. And the osteogenic microenvironment, which was mimicked by osteogenic differentiation medium (OIM), affected the biological properties of MEPM cells when compared to the routine medium. Specifically, MEPM cells showed slower proliferation, shorter S phase, increased apoptosis, and less migration distance after osteogenesis. E15.5 MEPM cells were more sensitive than E13.5, showing an earlier change. Moreover, E13.5 MEPM cells had weaker osteogenic ability than E15.5, and both MEPM cells exhibited different Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and Cytochrome c (CytC) expressions in OIM compared to routine medium, suggesting that glycolysis might be associated with the influence of the osteogenic microenvironment on MEPM cells. By comparing the stemness of the two cells, we investigated that the stemness of E13.5 MEPM cells was stronger than that of E15.5 MEPM cells, and E15.5 MEPM cells were more like differentiated cells than stem cells, as their capacity to differentiate into multiple cell fates was reduced. E13.5 MEPM cells might be the precursor cells of E15.5 MEPM cells. Our results enriched the understanding of the effect of the microenvironment on the biological properties of E13.5 and E15.5 MEPM cells, which should be considered when using MEPM cells as a model for palatal studies in the future.

Keywords: Glycolysis; Microenvironment; Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells; Osteogenic differentiation; Proliferation.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Cell Differentiation / genetics
Cleft Palate*
Glycolysis
Mice
Osteogenesis* / genetics
Palate