Pathology testing in non-trauma patients presenting to the emergency department with recurrent seizures

Abstract

Objective: Excessive pathology testing is associated with ED congestion, increased healthcare costs and adverse patient health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the frequency, yield and influence of pathology tests among patients presenting to the ED with atraumatic recurrent seizures.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a level 4 adult ED in Australia and included atraumatic patients presenting to ED with recurrent seizures over a 4-year period (2017-2020). The primary outcome was the frequency of pathology tests. Additionally, the proportion of abnormal pathology test results and the association between pathology tests and change in management were assessed.

Results: Of the 398 eligible presentations, 346 (86.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 83.3-89.9%) underwent at least one pathology test. In total 18.3% (n = 517) of pathology tests had an abnormal result which led to 15 changes in ED management among 12 presentations. Patients who had an abnormal pathology test result were more likely to undergo a change in antiepileptic drug management (odds ratio 2.08, 95% CI 1.23-3.65; P = 0.008).

Conclusion: Most patients presenting to the ED with atraumatic recurrent seizures underwent pathology tests. Abnormalities were frequently detected but were uncommonly associated with change in management. Abnormal pathology test results were associated with changes in antiepileptic drug management although rarely led to acute changes in patient management. This study suggests that pathology tests may be excessively requested in this population.

Keywords: antiepileptic drug; emergency medicine; epilepsy; laboratory test; seizures.