Synthetic Methodologies and Therapeutic Potential of Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) and Its Derivatives

Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb 5;16(2):240. doi: 10.3390/ph16020240.

Abstract

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a natural product contained in vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family and has been studied in recent decades for its biological and pharmacological properties. Herein, we will analyze: (1) the biosynthetic processes and synthetic procedures through which I3C and its main derivatives have been obtained; (2) the characteristics that lead to believe that both I3C and its derivatives are responsible for several important activities-in particular, antitumor and antiviral, through insights concerning in vitro assays and in vivo tests; (3) the mechanisms of action of the most important compounds considered; (4) the potential social impact that the enhancement of the discussed molecules can have in the prevention and treatment of the pathologies' examined field-first of all, those related to respiratory tract disorders and cancer.

Keywords: Indole-3-carbinol; anticancer activity; antiviral activity; in vitro assays; in vivo tests; natural products; phytochemical.

Publication types

  • Review

Grants and funding

This research was supported by the University of Urbino Carlo Bo (A.D.), the PTEN Research Foundation and Renown Health Foundation (P.P.P.), Rome Foundation (Italy, Prot. 317A/I) (G.N.), FISR2020IP_03161 grant (G.N.) and EU Horizon 101057100 UNDINE project (G.N.).