Graphene-based cardiac sensors and actuators

Alex Savchenko; Dmitry Kireev; Rose T Yin; Igor R Efimov; Elena Molokanova

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1168667

Graphene-based cardiac sensors and actuators

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 May 15:11:1168667. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1168667. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Alex Savchenko¹, Dmitry Kireev², Rose T Yin³, Igor R Efimov⁴, Elena Molokanova^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Nanotools Bioscience, La Jolla, CA, United States.
² Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
³ Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
⁵ NeurANO Bioscience, La Jolla, CA, United States.

Abstract

Graphene, a 2D carbon allotrope, is revolutionizing many biomedical applications due to its unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. When bioengineers realized that these properties could dramatically enhance the performance of cardiac sensors and actuators and may offer fundamentally novel technological capabilities, the field exploded with numerous studies developing new graphene-based systems and testing their limits. Here we will review the link between specific properties of graphene and mechanisms of action of cardiac sensors and actuators, analyze the performance of these systems from inaugural studies to the present, and offer future perspectives.

Keywords: cardiac; graphene; graphene biosensors; graphene electrodes; graphene field electric transistors; graphene-mediated optical stimulation; optoelectronics; pacemaker.

Publication types

Review

Abstract

Publication types

Grants and funding