Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder with eczematous and pruritic lesions. Topical moisturisers and either topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors are usually recommended. Restoring the skin barrier function alleviates AD symptoms.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a new moisturiser compared to commercially available products in an AD murine model.
Methods: Experimental AD was induced with topical applications of 2,4-DiNitroChloroBenzene (DNCB) on the shaved back skin of BALB/c mice from Day 1 to Day 38. Mice were randomized to either Vehicle/-, DNCB/-, or DNCB/Eczekalm (test product), DNCB/Atopiclair®, or DNCB/Lipikar (reference products) groups. Once daily application of either Eczekalm or Atopiclair® or Lipikar on the AD lesion was performed from Day 32 to Day 38. The AD severity index (ADSI) and animal behaviour were monitored throughout the study. The trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured on the sacrifice day (Day 39).
Results: At Day39, ADSI in the DNCB/Eczekalm, DNCB/Lipikar, and DNCB/Atopiclair® groups were significantly lower by -70%, -68%, and -57%, respectively, as compared to DNCB/- (p < 0.001). No sign of erythema was observed in the DNCB/Eczekalm group. Mean scores of skin oedema, excoriation, and dryness in the DNCB/Eczekalm, DNCB/Lipikar, and DNCB/Atopiclair® groups were significantly lower than in the DNCB/-. No significant difference was observed between DNCB/Eczekalm and DNCB/Lipikar groups. Mean TEWL in DNCB/Eczekalm group was significantly lower than the ones of DNCB/Atopiclair® (-43%, p < 0.001) and DNCB/Lipikar (-15%, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Eczekalm treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory effects due to AD and itching episodes and restored the skin barrier function.
Keywords: 2; 4-dinitro chloro benzene; Atopic dermatitis; BALB/c mice; emollients; skin barrier; trans-epidermal water loss.
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