Heat and mass transfer analysis for magnetized flow of [Formula: see text] nanolubricant with variable properties: an application of Cattaneo-Christov model

Muhammad Riaz; Nargis Khan; M S Hashmi; Jihad Younis

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35988-7

Heat and mass transfer analysis for magnetized flow of [Formula: see text] nanolubricant with variable properties: an application of Cattaneo-Christov model

Sci Rep. 2023 May 30;13(1):8717. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35988-7.

Authors

Muhammad Riaz¹, Nargis Khan¹, M S Hashmi², Jihad Younis³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
² Department of Mathematics, The Govt. Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
³ Department of Mathematics, Aden University, P.O. Box 6014, Aden, Yemen.

Abstract

The current study scrutinizes heat and mass transfer features of magnetized flow of [Formula: see text] nanolubricant over Riga plate in a Darcy Forchheimer medium. The effects of variable viscosity, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation and uniform heat source/sink are examined in this study. The diffusion model presented by Cattaneo-Christov is incorporated in this study to enclose heat and mass transport phenomenon. Additionally, the mass transfer rate is inspected subjected to the effects of variable solutal diffusivity and higher order chemical reaction. Heat and mass transfer phenomena have significant applications in the disciplines of science and technology that can be seen everywhere in nature. This simultaneous transportation phenomenon indicates a variety of applications in manufacturing processes, aerodynamics, cooling systems, environmental sciences, oceanography, food industries, biological disciplines, and energy transport systems etc. The modeled system of PDEs is metamorphosed to nonlinear ODEs with the introduction of appropriate transformations. An eminent bvp4c method in MATLAB has been incorporated to execute the resulting system of ODEs numerically. The outcomes of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles corresponding to various emerging parameters have been exposed graphically. The motion of [Formula: see text] nanolubricant tends to enhance significantly with larger modified Hartmann number, whereas converse behavior is reported by increasing porosity parameter and variable viscosity parameter. The greater heat transfer rate is observed for variable thermal conductivity parameter. The rates of heat and mass transfer slow down for thermal and solutal time relaxation parameters respectively. The concentration profile gets enriched by growing the order of the chemical reaction and variable mass diffusivity parameter. It is concluded that by increasing solid volume fraction up to [Formula: see text], the viscosity of the nanolubricant enhances up to [Formula: see text] which consequently slows down motion of the nanolubricant but increases temperature and concentration profiles.