Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of early COVID-19 deaths in Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia: An analytical cross-sectional study

Amal M Qasem Surrati; Eman Sobh; Farah Asad Mansuri; Abdulraouf A Bokhari; Samira Mousa Haroon; Nouf Moalla Alewi

doi:10.12669/pjms.39.3.6736

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of early COVID-19 deaths in Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia: An analytical cross-sectional study

Pak J Med Sci. 2023 May-Jun;39(3):704-709. doi: 10.12669/pjms.39.3.6736.

Authors

Amal M Qasem Surrati¹, Eman Sobh², Farah Asad Mansuri³, Abdulraouf A Bokhari⁴, Samira Mousa Haroon⁵, Nouf Moalla Alewi⁶

Affiliations

¹ Amal M. Qaseem Surrati, Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
² Eman Sobh, Respiratory Therapy Dept., College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia. Chest Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Farah Asad Mansuri, Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Abdulraouf A. Bokhari, King Salaman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Samira Mousa Haroon, Ohud General Hospital, MOH, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Nouf Moalla Alewi, Ohud General Hospital, MOH, Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background and objective: Identification of clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 is important for early detection and precise case management. The study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of in-hospital COVID-19 deaths in Almadinah Almonawarah city, Saudi Arabia, and to identify risk factors for early mortality among them.

Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The main outcomes were demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID 19 patients who died from March till December 2020, during the hospital stay. We collected 193 records of COVID-19 patients, from two major hospitals in Al Madinah region, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed to identify and relate the factors of early death.

Results: Out of the total deaths, 110 died during the first 14 days of admission (Early death group) and 83 died after 14 days of admission (Late death group). Early death group had a significantly higher percentages of old age patients (p=0.027) and males (72.7%). Comorbidities were found in 166 (86%) of cases. Multimorbidity were significantly higher in early deaths than in late deaths 74.5% (p=<0.001). Women had significantly higher mean values of CHA2SD2 comorbidity scores (3.28 versus 1.89 for men; p <0.001). Moreover, predictors of high comorbidity scores were older age (p=0.005), higher respiratory rate (p=0.035), and raised alanine transaminase (p=0.047).

Conclusion: Old age, comorbid illness, and severe respiratory involvement were prevalent among COVID-19 deaths. Comorbidity scores were significantly higher in women. Comorbidity was found to be significantly more associated with early deaths.

Keywords: COVID-19 early deaths; Comorbidities; Coronavirus; Mortality; SARS-COV-2; Saudi Arabia.