To resolve the issue of scientific planning and rational layout of different vegetable greenhouses in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we selected the days of low temperature in winter, sunshine hours, overcast days, extreme minimum temperature, days of monsoon disaster, days of snow cover in production season of greenhouse as the climate zoning indicators, based on ground-based observation data from 119 meteorological stations (1991 to 2020) and the growing demand of leafy and fruity vegetables in greenhouse, combined with the analysis of key meteorological factors in production season and the study of meteorological disaster indicators such as low temperature and cold damage, wind disaster, snow disaster. We analyzed the indices, classification and division of comprehensive climate suitability zoning of leafy and fruity vegetables at various slopes (35°, 40°) of solar greenhouse by the weighted sum method. The results showed that the climatic suitability zoning grades of leafy and fruity vegetables at 35° and 40° slope of greenhouse was highly consistent, and that the greenhouse climate suitability of leafy vegetables was higher than that of fruity vegetables in the same region. As the slope increased, wind disaster index decreased and snow disaster index increased. Climate suitability was different in areas affected by wind and snow disasters. The northeast of the study area was mainly affected by snow disasters, and the climate suitability of 40° slope was higher than 35°. The southeast of the study area was mainly affected by wind disasters, and the climate suitability of 35° slope was higher than 40°. Alxa League, Hetao Irrigation District, Tumochuan Plain, most parts of Ordos, southeast of Yanshan foothills and the south of West Liaohe Plain were the most suitable area for the solar greenhouse, because they had the suitable solar and hot resources and the low risks of wind and snow damage, which were also the key development areas of current and future facility agriculture. Due to the deficiency of solar and hot resources, high energy consumption in greenhouse production and frequent snow storms, the area around Khingan range in the northeast of Inner Mongolia was unsuitable for greenhouse.
为解决内蒙古自治区不同蔬菜类型日光温室科学规划和合理布局,利用全区119个观测站1991—2020年的地面气象资料,基于内蒙古自治区日光温室叶菜和果菜的生长需求,结合生产季节关键气象要素分析及低温冷害、风灾、雪灾等气象灾害指标研究,筛选出冬季低温日数、日光温室生产季节的日照时数、阴天日数、极端最低气温、风灾日数、积雪日数作为气候区划指标,采用加权求和方法分析不同坡度(35°和40°)日光温室叶菜类和果菜类综合气候适宜性指标、等级和区划。结果表明: 35°叶菜、35°果菜、40°叶菜、40°果菜的气候适宜性区划等级具有较高的一致性,叶菜类较果菜类在同一地区的日光温室气候适宜性更高。坡度越大,风灾指标越低、雪灾指标越高。受风灾和雪灾影响程度不同的地区,气候适宜性也不同,研究区东北部主要受雪灾影响,40°坡度的气候适宜性更高;东南部受风灾影响更大,35°坡度的气候适宜性更高。阿拉善盟、河套灌区、土默川平原、鄂尔多斯市大部、燕山丘陵区东南部、西辽河平原南部等地区,光热资源匹配良好,风雪灾风险最低,为日光温室最适宜区,也是当前和未来设施农业重点发展区域;内蒙古东北部的大兴安岭沿麓地区,光温资源匮乏,温室生产能耗大,暴雪灾害频繁,为不适宜区。.
Keywords: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; climate suitability division; slope; solar greenhouse; vegetable type.