Retarding solid-state reactions enable efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells and modules

Cheng Liu; Xiuhong Sun; Yi Yang; Olga A Syzgantseva; Maria A Syzgantseva; Bin Ding; Naoyuki Shibayama; Hiroyuki Kanda; Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani; Rosario Scopelliti; Shunlin Zhang; Keith G Brooks; Songyuan Dai; Guanglei Cui; Michael D Irwin; Zhipeng Shao; Yong Ding; Zhaofu Fei; Paul J Dyson; Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg0087

Retarding solid-state reactions enable efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells and modules

Sci Adv. 2023 May 26;9(21):eadg0087. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0087. Epub 2023 May 26.

Authors

Cheng Liu^{1

2}, Xiuhong Sun³, Yi Yang^{1

2}, Olga A Syzgantseva⁴, Maria A Syzgantseva^{4

5}, Bin Ding², Naoyuki Shibayama⁶, Hiroyuki Kanda², Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani², Rosario Scopelliti², Shunlin Zhang⁷, Keith G Brooks², Songyuan Dai¹, Guanglei Cui³, Michael D Irwin⁸, Zhipeng Shao³, Yong Ding^{1

2}, Zhaofu Fei², Paul J Dyson², Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin^{2

9}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
² Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
³ Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
⁵ Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia.
⁶ Department of Clinical Engineering, Toin Yokohama University, 1614 Kurogane, Aoba, Yokohama, Japan.
⁷ College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
⁸ CubicPV Inc., 1807 Ross Ave, Ste 333, Dallas, TX 75201, USA.
⁹ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Abstract

All-inorganic CsPbI₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with efficiencies exceeding 20% are ideal candidates for application in large-scale tandem solar cells. However, there are still two major obstacles hindering their scale-up: (i) the inhomogeneous solid-state synthesis process and (ii) the inferior stability of the photoactive CsPbI₃ black phase. Here, we have used a thermally stable ionic liquid, bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([PPN][TFSI]), to retard the high-temperature solid-state reaction between Cs₄PbI₆ and DMAPbI₃ [dimethylammonium (DMA)], which enables the preparation of high-quality and large-area CsPbI₃ films in the air. Because of the strong Pb-O contacts, [PPN][TFSI] increases the formation energy of superficial vacancies and prevents the undesired phase degradation of CsPbI₃. The resulting PSCs attained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.64% (certified 19.69%) with long-term operational stability over 1000 hours. A record efficiency of 16.89% for an all-inorganic perovskite solar module was achieved, with an active area of 28.17 cm².