The Role of Childhood Experiences in the Development of Disgust Sensitivity: A Preliminary Study on Early Moral Memories

Olga Ines Luppino; Katia Tenore; Francesco Mancini; Alessandra Mancini

doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230203

The Role of Childhood Experiences in the Development of Disgust Sensitivity: A Preliminary Study on Early Moral Memories

Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2023 Apr;20(2):109-121. doi: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230203.

Authors

Olga Ines Luppino^{1

2}, Katia Tenore^{1

2}, Francesco Mancini^{1

2}, Alessandra Mancini¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Cognitive Psychotherapy (APC-SPC), viale Castro pretorio, 116, Rome, Italy.
² Department of Human Sciences, Telematic University of Rome "Guglielmo Marconi", via Plinio, 44, Rome, Italy.

Abstract

Objective: Disgust is a basic emotion evolved to safeguard our omnivorous species from contagion. Although the factors eliciting disgust typically involve concerns related to physical contamination, physical disgust responses are also prompted by moral transgressions, (i.e. cannibalism, pedophilia, betrayal). The link between the general propensity to experience disgust (i.e. "Disgust Sensitivity") and morality, in particular in the deontological domain, is supported by an increasing amount of data on clinical and non-clinical sample. Evolutionistic explanations of this link posit that disgust evolved to indicate the presence of a threat to the integrity of the individual not only in the physical domain but also in the social and moral domain.In addition to the evolutionary point of view, this link could also be better investigated in terms of individual development. To the best of our knowledge, literature is scarce regarding which early experiences are associated to high DS. Therefore, this study aims to explore the content of early memories associated with disgust. Based on the strict link between disgust and morality, we hypothesized an association between DS and early memories of moral criticism.

Method: 60 non-clinical participants filled in measures of DS. They were then presented with an auditory disgust induction, after which they recalled early memories through the technique of the "affect bridge". 10 independent raters assessed the emotional content of the memories on visual-analogical scales.

Results: Results showed a positive association between disgust sensitivity and the propensity to experience deontological guilt. There was also a significant positive association between disgust sensitivity and moral memories, in particular relating to early experiences of being the object of contempt, moral criticism, anger, and of being held responsible.

Conclusions: These data directly support the centrality of early morally-loaded interpersonal experiences in the development of DS, confirming the link between disgust and morality also at the level of individual historical development.

Keywords: deontological guilt; disgust; early autobiographical memories; early maladaptive schemas; imagery; morality.