Plasma Levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 in Patients with Osteoarthritis After Recovery from COVID-19

Abstract

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPS) play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Recent research showed the involvement of some MMPs in COVID-19, but the results are limited and contradictory.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the levels of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10) and TIMP-1 in the plasma of patients with OA after recovery from COVID- 19.

Methods: The experiment involved patients aged 39 to 80 diagnosed with knee OA. All study participants were divided into three research groups: the control group included healthy individuals, the group OA included patients with enrolled cases of OA, and the third group of OA and COVID-19 included patients with OA who recovered from COVID-19 6-9 months ago. The levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 were measured in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The study showed a change in the levels of MMPs in patients with OA who had COVID- 19 and those who did not have a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particularly, patients with OA who were infected with coronavirus established an increase in MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9, compared to healthy controls. Compared to normal subjects, a significant decrease in MMP-10 and TIMP-1 was established in both groups of patients with OA and convalescent COVID-19.

Conclusion: Thus, the results suggest that COVID-19 can affect the proteolysis-antiproteolysis system even after a long postinfectious state and may cause complications of existing musculoskeletal pathologies.

Keywords: COVID-19; Osteoarthritis; SARS-CoV-2 infection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; inflammation; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1).