The unexpected paradox of geriatric traumatic brain injury outcomes: Uncovering racial and ethnic disparities

Am J Surg. 2023 Aug;226(2):271-277. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.05.017. Epub 2023 May 18.

Abstract

Background: Healthcare disparities have always challenged surgical care in the US. We aimed to assess the influence of disparities on cerebral monitor placement and outcomes of geriatric TBI patients.

Methods: Analysis of 2017-2019 ACS-TQIP. Included severe TBI patients ≥65 years. Patients who died within 24 h were excluded. Outcomes included mortality, cerebral monitors use, complications, and discharge disposition.

Results: We included 208,495 patients (White = 175,941; Black = 12,194) (Hispanic = 195,769; Non-Hispanic = 12,258). On multivariable regression, White race was associated with higher mortality (aOR = 1.26; p < 0.001) and SNF/rehab discharge (aOR = 1.11; p < 0.001) and less likely to be discharged home (aOR = 0.90; p < 0.001) or to undergo cerebral monitoring (aOR = 0.77; p < 0.001) compared to Black. Non-Hispanics had higher mortality (aOR = 1.15; p = 0.013), complications (aOR = 1.26; p < 0.001), and SNF/Rehab discharge (aOR = 1.43; p < 0.001) and less likely to be discharged home (aOR = 0.69; p < 0.001) or to undergo cerebral monitoring (aOR = 0.84; p = 0.018) compared to Hispanics. Uninsured Hispanics had the lowest odds of SNF/rehab discharge (aOR = 0.18; p < 0.001).

Conclusions: This study highlights the significant racial and ethnic disparities in the outcomes of geriatric TBI patients. Further studies are needed to address the reason behind these disparities and identify potentially modifiable risk factors in the geriatric trauma population.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Black or African American
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic* / epidemiology
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic* / ethnology
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic* / surgery
  • Healthcare Disparities* / ethnology
  • Healthcare Disparities* / statistics & numerical data
  • Hispanic or Latino
  • Humans
  • Medically Uninsured
  • Neurophysiological Monitoring / instrumentation
  • Neurophysiological Monitoring / statistics & numerical data
  • Patient Discharge
  • Racial Groups*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • White