Nonlinear All-Optical Coherent Generation and Read-Out of Valleys in Atomically Thin Semiconductors

Small. 2023 Sep;19(37):e2301126. doi: 10.1002/smll.202301126. Epub 2023 May 25.

Abstract

With conventional electronics reaching performance and size boundaries, all-optical processes have emerged as ideal building blocks for high speed and low power consumption devices. A promising approach in this direction is provided by valleytronics in atomically thin semiconductors, where light-matter interaction allows to write, store, and read binary information into the two energetically degenerate but non-equivalent valleys. Here, nonlinear valleytronics in monolayer WSe2 is investigated and show that an individual ultrashort pulse with a photon energy tuned to half of the optical band-gap can be used to simultaneously excite (by coherent optical Stark shift) and detect (by a rotation in the polarization of the emitted second harmonic) the valley population.

Keywords: 2D materials; Ttransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs); nonlinear optics; second harmonic generation (SHG); valleytronics.