Background and objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive lung fibrosis of unknown aetiology. Epidemiological studies have suggested that IPF progression may negatively affect nutritional status. Weight loss during antifibrotic therapy is also frequently encountered. The association of nutritional status and outcome has not been fully evaluated in IPF patients.
Methods: This retrospective multicohort study assessed nutritional status of 301 IPF patients receiving antifibrotic therapy (Hamamatsu cohort, n = 151; Seirei cohort, n = 150). Nutritional status was evaluated using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). The GNRI was calculated based on body mass index and serum albumin. The relationship between nutritional status and tolerability of antifibrotic therapy as well as mortality was explored.
Results: Of 301 patients, 113 (37.5%) had malnutrition-related risk (GNRI < 98). Patients with malnutrition-related risk were older, had increased exacerbations and worse pulmonary function than those without a GNRI status <98. Malnutrition-related risk was associated with a higher incidence of discontinuation of antifibrotic therapy, particulary due to gastrointestinal disturbances. IPF patients with malnutrition-related risk (GNRI < 98) had shorter survival than those without such risk (median survival: 25.9 vs. 41.1 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, malnutrition-related risk was a prognostic indicator of antifibrotic therapy discontinuation and mortality, independent of age, sex, forced vital capacity, or gender-age-physiology index.
Conclusion: Nutritional status has significant effects on the treatment and outcome in patients with IPF. Assessment of nutritional status may provide important information for managing patients with IPF.
Keywords: Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index; antifibrotic therapy; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; malnutrition-related risk; mortality; tolerability.
© 2023 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.