Mycotoxigenic fungal growth inhibition and multi-mycotoxin reduction of potential biological control agents indigenous to grain maize

Siti Nur Ezzati Yazid; Nur Izzah Tajudin; Nur Aina Aribah Razman; Jinap Selamat; Siti Izera Ismail; Maimunah Sanny; Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin

doi:10.1007/s12550-023-00484-4

Mycotoxigenic fungal growth inhibition and multi-mycotoxin reduction of potential biological control agents indigenous to grain maize

Mycotoxin Res. 2023 Aug;39(3):177-192. doi: 10.1007/s12550-023-00484-4. Epub 2023 May 23.

Authors

Siti Nur Ezzati Yazid¹, Nur Izzah Tajudin², Nur Aina Aribah Razman², Jinap Selamat^{1

2}, Siti Izera Ismail^{3

4}, Maimunah Sanny^{1

2}, Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
³ Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁵ Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. nikiskandar@upm.edu.my.
⁶ Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. nikiskandar@upm.edu.my.

Abstract

The present work investigated the potential of fungal species from grain maize farms in Malaysia as antagonists against the indigenous mycotoxigenic fungal species and their subsequent mycotoxin production. Dual-culture assay was conducted on grain maize agar (GMA) with 12 strains of potential fungal antagonists namely Bjerkandra adusta, Penicillium janthinellum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes cubensis, Trichoderma asperelloides, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma yunnanense against seven mycotoxigenic strains namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium proliferatum producing aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and fumonisins, respectively. Based on fungal growth inhibition, Trichoderma spp. showed the highest inhibitory activity (73-100% PIRG, Percentage Inhibition of Radial Growth; 28/0 I_D, Index of Dominance) against the tested mycotoxigenic strains. Besides, B. adusta and Tra. cubensis showed inhibitory activity against some of the tested mycotoxigenic strains. All fungal antagonists showed varying degrees of mycotoxin reduction. Aflatoxin B₁ produced by A. flavus was mainly reduced by P. janthinellum, Tra. cubensis, and B. adusta to 0 ng/g. Ochratoxin A produced by A. niger was mainly reduced by Tri. harzianum and Tri. asperellum to 0 ng/g. Fumonisin B₁ and FB₂ produced by F. verticillioides was mainly reduced by Tri. harzianum, Tri. asperelloides, and Tri. asperellum to 59.4 and 0 µg/g, respectively. Fumonisin B₁ and FB₂ produced by F. proliferatum were mainly reduced by Tri. asperelloides and Tri. harzianum to 244.2 and 0 µg/g, respectively. This is the first study that reports on the efficacy of Tri. asperelloides against FB₁, FB₂, and OTA, P. janthinellum against AFB₁, and Tra. cubensis against AFB₁.

Keywords: Aflatoxins; Antagonist; Dual-culture in vitro; Fumonisins; Ochratoxins.

MeSH terms

Biological Control Agents
Edible Grain / chemistry
Fumonisins* / analysis
Fusarium*
Mycotoxins* / analysis
Trametes
Zea mays / microbiology

Substances

Mycotoxins
fumonisin B1
Biological Control Agents
Fumonisins