Insight into the phenolics and antioxidant activity of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) peel and pulp subjected to the simulated digestion

Zi-Tong Wang; Yu-Ping Liu; Yi-Long Ma; Shuang-Yi Pan; Jian-Kang Li; Shao-Jun Shi; Zheng-Fang Wu; Zhi Li; Ya-Fang Shang; Zhao-Jun Wei

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16226

Insight into the phenolics and antioxidant activity of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) peel and pulp subjected to the simulated digestion

Heliyon. 2023 May 13;9(5):e16226. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16226. eCollection 2023 May.

Authors

Zi-Tong Wang¹, Yu-Ping Liu¹, Yi-Long Ma^{1

2}, Shuang-Yi Pan¹, Jian-Kang Li¹, Shao-Jun Shi¹, Zheng-Fang Wu¹, Zhi Li¹, Ya-Fang Shang^{1

2}, Zhao-Jun Wei^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
² School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.

Abstract

To evaluate the release and activity of Indian jujube phenolics in vivo, its peel and pulp were subjected to simulated digestions. The phenolics content and antioxidant activity of the digested samples were determined. The results showed that the total phenolics/flavonoids in the peel were respectively 4.63 and 4.48 times higher than that in the pulp. The release of phenolics and flavonoids respectively increased by 79.75% and 39.98% in the peel and 86.34% and 23.54% in the pulp after the intestinal digestion. The correlation between the total phenolics/flavonoids and antioxidant activity was higher in the peel (r > 0.858, p < 0.01) than that in the pulp. The phenolics profiles of the peel were almost the same after the digestion, and four phenolics including naringenin tri-glycoside, quercetin-3-O-[(2-hexosyl)-6-rhamnosyl] -hexoside, quercetin-3-O-pentosylhexoside and quercetin-3-O-(2-pentosyl -rhamnoside)-4'-O-rhamnoside were found to be the main flavonoids of Indian jujube peel, and they showed high recovery (>89.88%) during the digestion, implying that these phenolics may play a vital role in the function of Indian jujubes.

Keywords: Indian jujube; Peel; Phenolics; Pulp; Simulated digestion.