Comparison of muscle metabolomics between two Chinese horse breeds

Sihan Meng; Yanli Zhang; Shipeng Lv; Zhengkai Zhang; Xuexue Liu; Lin Jiang

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1162953

Comparison of muscle metabolomics between two Chinese horse breeds

Front Vet Sci. 2023 May 5:10:1162953. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162953. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Sihan Meng^#¹, Yanli Zhang^#¹, Shipeng Lv², Zhengkai Zhang³, Xuexue Liu^{1

4}, Lin Jiang¹

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
² College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
³ CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
⁴ Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

With their enormous muscle mass and athletic ability, horses are well-positioned as model organisms for understanding muscle metabolism. There are two different types of horse breeds-Guanzhong (GZ) horses, an athletic breed with a larger body height (~148.7 cm), and the Ningqiang pony (NQ) horses, a lower height breed generally used for ornamental purposes-both inhabited in the same region of China with obvious differences in muscle content. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the breed-specific mechanisms controlling muscle metabolism. In this study, we observed muscle glycogen, enzyme activities, and LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics in the gluteus medius muscle of six, each of GZ and NQ horses, to explore differentiated metabolites that are related to the development of two muscles. As expected, the glycogen content, citrate synthase, and hexokinase activity of muscle were significantly higher in GZ horses. To alleviate the false positive rate, we used both MS1 and MS2 ions for metabolite classification and differential analysis. As a result, a total of 51,535 MS1 and 541 MS2 metabolites were identified, and these metabolites can separate these two groups from each other. Notably, 40% of these metabolites were clustered into lipids and lipid-like molecules. Furthermore, 13 significant metabolites were differentially detected between GZ and NQ horses (fold change [FC] value ≥ 2, variable important in projection value ≥1, and Q value ≤ 0.05). They are primarily clustered into glutathione metabolism (GSH, p = 0.01), taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism (p < 0.05) pathways. Seven of the 13 metabolites were also found in thoroughbred racing horses, suggesting that metabolites related to antioxidants, amino acids, and lipids played a key role in the development of skeleton muscle in horses. Those metabolites related to muscle development shed a light on racing horses' routine maintenance and improvement of athletic performance.

Keywords: glutathione metabolism; horse (Equus caballus); lipid; muscle metabolism; untargeted metabolomics.

Grants and funding

The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32002144, 31560620, 31972530, and 31772553). XL received the support of the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program (20190102) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sokolowskis–Curie grant agreement 101027750.