Nd Recovery from Wastewater with Magnetic Calcium Alginate ((1,4)-β-d-Mannuronic Acid and α-L-Guluronic Acid) Hydrogels

Emircan Uysal; Elif Emil-Kaya; Duygu Yesiltepe-Ozcelik; Sebahattin Gurmen

doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c08221

Nd Recovery from Wastewater with Magnetic Calcium Alginate ((1,4)-β-d-Mannuronic Acid and α-L-Guluronic Acid) Hydrogels

ACS Omega. 2023 May 3;8(19):16762-16778. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08221. eCollection 2023 May 16.

Authors

Emircan Uysal¹, Elif Emil-Kaya^{1

2}, Duygu Yesiltepe-Ozcelik¹, Sebahattin Gurmen¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Türkiye.
² IME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Nodrhein-Westfalen DE 52062, Germany.

Abstract

In this study, a magnetic adsorbent material was produced, by environmentally friendly and inexpensive precursor materials, to clean wastewater that may result from primary and secondary rare earth metal (REM) production. Then, the absorption of Nd³⁺ ions from wastewater was done and this process's kinetic and isotherm models were developed. Thus, the removal of Nd³⁺ from wastewater with magnetic materials was accomplished, and then, this precious metal was recovered by using different acid media. First, Fe sub-micron particles were successfully produced by the polyol method. To increase the stability of Fe-based particles, their surfaces were covered with an oxide layer, and the average thickness was determined as 16 nm. The synthesized Fe particles were added into the calcium alginate beads and then coated with chitosan to increase the pH stability of the gels. The chemical composition of the gels was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, and the magnetic properties were determined by vibrating-sample magnetometer analysis. The magnetic saturation of the hydrogels was 0.297 emu/g. After the production of magnetic calcium alginate hydrogels, Nd³⁺ ion removal from wastewater was done. Wastewater was cleaned with 94.22% efficiency. The kinetic models of the adsorption study were derived, and isotherm studies were done. Adsorption reaction fitted different kinetic models at different time intervals and the Freundlich isotherm model. The effect of pH, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio on the system was determined and the thermodynamic constants of the system were calculated. After the adsorption studies, Nd³⁺ ions were regenerated in different acid environments and achieved an 87.48% efficiency value. The removal of Nd³⁺ ions from wastewater was carried out with high efficiency, the gels obtained as a result of adsorption were regenerated with high efficiency by using acid media, and it was predicted that the gels could be reused. This study is thought to have reference results not only for the removal of REM from wastewater by magnetic adsorption materials but also for the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater.