Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfonate-Modified Electrode for the Detection of Furosemide in Pharmaceutical Products

Md Shamim Hossain; Md Abdul Khaleque; Md Romzan Ali; Md Sadek Bacchu; Md Ikram Hossain; Mohamed Aly Saad Aly; Md Zaved Hossain Khan

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c00463

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfonate-Modified Electrode for the Detection of Furosemide in Pharmaceutical Products

ACS Omega. 2023 May 4;8(19):16851-16858. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00463. eCollection 2023 May 16.

Authors

Md Shamim Hossain^{1

2}, Md Abdul Khaleque^{1

2}, Md Romzan Ali^{1

2}, Md Sadek Bacchu^{1

2}, Md Ikram Hossain^{1

2}, Mohamed Aly Saad Aly³, Md Zaved Hossain Khan^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.
² Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Tianjin University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China.

Abstract

Furosemide (4-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethylamino)-5-sulfamoyl benzoic acid) is a widely used, FDA-approved drug prescribed for several symptoms associated with heart, kidney, liver failure, or chronic high blood pressure. In this work, a glassy carbon working electrode modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate is developed to detect furosemide (FURO) with high sensitivity and precise selectivity. The modified electrode was also characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, and cyclic voltammetry. Here, an efficient and cost- and time-efficient technique to study the furosemide mechanism of reaction in an acidic liquid medium is presented. An electrochemical oxidation of loop diuretic furosemide was investigated in a supporting electrolyte, 0.01 M of phosphate buffer (at a pH level of 4.0) at 25 ± 0.1 °C using a differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. Under optimized parameters, the developed sensor displays a wide detection range of furosemide concentrations of 6.0 × 10^-6 to 1.0 × 10^-4 M with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10^-6 M using DPV. The presented sensor offers a robust and high-precision technique with an excellent reproducibility to detect furosemide in as a real sample such as urine and pharmaceutical products.