Knee valgus and patellofemoral instability after pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case report and review of the literature

J Med Case Rep. 2023 May 22;17(1):212. doi: 10.1186/s13256-023-03920-2.

Abstract

Background: Pediatric athletes who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are at risk for a growth deformity if the surgery violates the physes.

Case: A 12-year-old African American boy underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring autograft. The procedure violated the distal femoral growth plate and the perichondrial ring of LaCroix, resulting in a distal femoral lateral physeal growth arrest. Three years later, he had developed a 15° valgus deformity, an increased quadriceps angle and patellofemoral instability. He was able to return to sports after undergoing a distal femoral osteotomy to correct the valgus and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction to stabilize the patella.

Conclusion: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes with open physes has the potential to cause distal femoral valgus deformity, an increased quadriceps angle, and subsequent patellofemoral instability.

Keywords: Case report; Patellofemoral instability; Pediatric ACL reconstruction; Valgus knee deformity.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* / adverse effects
  • Child
  • Femur / diagnostic imaging
  • Femur / surgery
  • Humans
  • Knee Joint* / surgery
  • Ligaments, Articular / surgery
  • Male
  • Quadriceps Muscle