Atypical PKCs are cell polarity kinases that operate at the plasma membrane where they function within multiple molecular complexes to contribute to the establishment and maintenance of polarity. In contrast to the classical and novel PKCs, atypical PKCs do not respond to diacylglycerol cues to bind the membrane compartment. Until recently, it was not clear how aPKCs are recruited; whether aPKCs can directly interact with membranes or whether they are dependent on other protein interactors to do so. Two recent studies identified the pseudosubstrate region and the C1 domain as direct membrane interaction modules; however, their relative importance and coupling are unknown. We combined molecular modeling and functional assays to show that the regulatory module of aPKCι, comprising the PB1 pseudosubstrate and C1 domains, forms a cooperative and spatially continuous invariant membrane interaction platform. Furthermore, we show the coordinated orientation of membrane-binding elements within the regulatory module requires a key PB1-C1 interfacial β-strand (beta-strand linker). We show this element contains a highly conserved Tyr residue that can be phosphorylated and that negatively regulates the integrity of the regulatory module, leading to membrane release. We thus expose a hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism of aPKCι membrane binding and release during cell polarization.
Keywords: atypical protein kinase C; cell polarity; cell signaling; membrane recruitment; tyrosine phosphorylation.
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.