New insights into follicular regulatory T cells in the intestinal and tumor microenvironments

J Cell Physiol. 2023 Jul;238(7):1465-1477. doi: 10.1002/jcp.31039. Epub 2023 May 21.

Abstract

Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are a novel and unique subset of effector regulatory T (Treg) cells that are located in germinal centers (GCs). Tfr cells express transcription profiles that are characteristic of both follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and Treg cells and negatively regulate GC reactions, including Tfh cell activation and cytokine production, class switch recombination and B cell activation. Evidence also shows that Tfr cells have specific characteristics in different local immune microenvironments. This review focuses on the regulation of Tfr cell differentiation and function in unique local immune microenvironments, including the intestine and tumor.

Keywords: GC reaction; T cell differentiation; T cell function; Tfr cells; antitumor immunity; intestinal immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Germinal Center
  • Intestines* / cytology
  • Intestines* / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory*
  • Tumor Microenvironment*