Guidelines for Reporting Observational Research in Urology: The Importance of Clear Reference to Causality

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
• ² Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
• ³ Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
• ⁴ Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ⁵ School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.