Evaluation of potential inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase, pancreatic lipase, and cancer cell lines using raw leaves extracts of three fabaceae species

Iram Fatima; Naila Safdar; Wasim Akhtar; Ammara Munir; Saddam Saqib; Asma Ayaz; Saraj Bahadur; Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei; Fazal Ullah; Wajid Zaman

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15909

Evaluation of potential inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase, pancreatic lipase, and cancer cell lines using raw leaves extracts of three fabaceae species

Heliyon. 2023 May 3;9(5):e15909. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15909. eCollection 2023 May.

Authors

Iram Fatima¹, Naila Safdar¹, Wasim Akhtar², Ammara Munir³, Saddam Saqib^{4

5}, Asma Ayaz⁶, Saraj Bahadur⁷, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei⁸, Fazal Ullah⁹, Wajid Zaman¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
² Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan.
³ Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
⁵ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China.
⁷ Wuzhishan Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Research Station; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China.
⁸ Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 China.
¹⁰ Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

The present study examined the biological potential and phytochemicals of Sophora mollis, Mucuna pruriens, and Indigofera atropurpurea methanolic leaf extracts. In vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-lipase assays were performed using different concentrations of plant extracts, and the IC₅₀ values were determined. The cytotoxic potential of the selected plant extracts was assessed against HeLa, PC3, and 3T3 cell lines using an MTT assay. S. mollis leaf extract displayed the highest inhibition percentage (114.60% ± 19.95 at 1000 μg/mL) for the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with a prominent IC₅₀ value of 75.9 μg/mL. The anti-lipase potential was highest with the M. pruriens leaf extract (355.5 μg/mL IC₅₀), followed by the S. mollis extract (862.7 μg/mL IC₅₀). Among the cell lines tested, the cytotoxic potential of the I. atropurpurea extract (91.1 ppm IC₅₀) against the PC3 cell line was promising. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, rutin trihydrate, and quercetin dihydrate in varying concentrations in all plant species. The concentration of chlorogenic acid (69.09 ppm) was highest in M. pruriens, and the caffeic acid concentration (45.20 ppm) was higher in S. mollis. This paper reports the presence of bioactive therapeutic compounds in selected species of the Fabaceae family that could be micro-propagated, isolated, and utilized in pharmaceutical industries.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Cancer; Fabaceae; Obesity; Phytochemicals.