Comparative efficiency of native and non-native starter culture in the production of bio-silage using composite waste from fish and vegetables

Subal Kumar Ghosh; Manjusha Lekshmi; Ramakrishna Reddy; Amjad Khansaheb Balange; Martin Xavier; Binaya Bhusan Nayak

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-27266-w

Comparative efficiency of native and non-native starter culture in the production of bio-silage using composite waste from fish and vegetables

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May 17. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27266-w. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Subal Kumar Ghosh¹, Manjusha Lekshmi¹, Ramakrishna Reddy¹, Amjad Khansaheb Balange¹, Martin Xavier¹, Binaya Bhusan Nayak²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India.
² Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India. nayakbb@cife.edu.in.

PMID: 37198363
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27266-w

Abstract

The efficiency of native and non-native starter cultures in the production of bio-silage using composite waste from fish and vegetables was studied. An ensilage experiment was conducted in a natural way (without starter culture) of composite waste (fish to vegetable at 80 to 20%) to isolate the native fermentative microflora. An Enterococcus faecalis strain isolated from the natural ensilage of composite waste showed higher efficiency over other commercial LAB strains generally used for ensilation. A total of 60 isolates were screened and characterized biochemically from ensilaged composite waste. Among them, 12 proteolytic and lipolytic positive isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, based on a BLAST search of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Subsequently, composite bio-silage was prepared by inoculating starter cultures with three (3) treatments T1 (native-Enterococcus faecalis), T2 (non-native-Lactobacillus acidophilus), T3 (a mixture of E. faecalis and L. acidophilus) and compared with control (composite bio-silage without starter culture). The highest non-protein nitrogen (0.78 ± 0.01 mg of N /100 g) and degree of hydrolysis (70.00 ± 0.06% of protein/100 g) was seen in the T3 sample, and the lowest (0.67 ± 0.02 mg of N/100 g and 50.40 ± 0.04% of protein/100 g) was seen in the control. At the end of ensilation, the pH fell (5.95-3.88) in conjunction with the formation of lactic acid (0.23-2.05 g of lactic acid/100 g), and the lactic acid bacteria count nearly doubled (log 5.60-10.60). The lipid peroxidation products PV (0.11-0.41 milli equivalent of oxygen/kg of fat) and TBARs (1.64-6.95 mg of malonaldehyde/kg of silage) were changed within a reasonable range in the following pattern Control > T2 > T3 > T1, which led to oxidatively stable products. The findings revealed that native starter culture E. faecalis, which can be employed as a single or in combination with non-native L. acidophilus, performed better in the bio-ensilation process. Additionally, the finished composite bio-silage can be used as a novel, protein-carbohydrate rich feed component to help manage wastes from both sectors.

Keywords: Biological silage; Degree of hydrolysis; Enterococcus faecalis; Feed ingredient; Fish processing waste; Lactobacillus acidophilus.