24-h Movement Guidelines and Overweight and Obesity Indicators in Toddlers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Adilson Marques; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo; Élvio R Gouveia; Gérson Ferrari; Riki Tesler; Priscila Marconcin; Vânia Loureiro; Miguel Peralta; Hugo Sarmento

doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00569-5

24-h Movement Guidelines and Overweight and Obesity Indicators in Toddlers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sports Med Open. 2023 May 15;9(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s40798-023-00569-5.

Authors

Adilson Marques^{1

2}, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo³, Élvio R Gouveia^{4

5}, Gérson Ferrari⁶, Riki Tesler⁷, Priscila Marconcin^{8

9}, Vânia Loureiro^{10

11}, Miguel Peralta^{8

10}, Hugo Sarmento¹²

Affiliations

¹ CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Lisbon, Portugal. amarques@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
² ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. amarques@fmh.ulisboa.pt.
³ Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
⁴ Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
⁵ LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal.
⁶ Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
⁷ School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
⁸ CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁹ KinesioLab Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Instituto Piaget, Almada, Portugal.
¹⁰ ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹¹ Department of Arts, Humanities and Sports, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Beja, Portugal.
¹² Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Abstract

Background: Engaging in physical activity increases energy expenditure, reducing total body fat. Time spent in sedentary behaviours is associated with overweight and obesity, and adequate sleep duration is associated with improved body composition. This systematic review aimed to analyse the relationship between compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines and obesity indicators in toddlers, children and adolescents.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception to December 2021. Cross-sectional and prospective studies that analysed the relationship between 24-h movement guidelines and overweight and obesity written in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish were included. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022298316.

Results: The associations between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and standardised body mass index were null in the two studies for toddlers. Seven studies analysed the relationship between compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines and overweight and obesity among preschool children. Of these seven studies, six found no association between compliance with 24-h movement guidelines and body composition. Among children and adolescents, 15 articles were analysed. Of these 15 studies, in seven, it was found that children and adolescents who meet the 24-h movement guidelines were more likely to have lower risks of overweight and obesity. The meta-analysis yielded a pooled OR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.68 to 0.95, p = 0.012, I² = 70.5%) in favour of compliant participants. Regarding participants' age groups, compliance with 24-h movement guidelines seems to exert greater benefits on overweight and obesity indicators among children-adolescents (OR = 0.62, p = 0.008) compared to participants at preschool (OR = 1.00, p = 0.931) and toddlers (OR = 0.91, p = 0.853).

Conclusion: Most included studies have not observed a significant relationship between compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines and overweight and obesity in toddlers, children and adolescents.

Keywords: Excess weight; Physical activity; Screen time; Sleep.

Publication types

Systematic Review