Metadynamics simulations of ligands binding to protein surfaces: a novel tool for rational drug design

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2023 May 24;25(20):13819-13824. doi: 10.1039/d3cp01388j.

Abstract

Structure-based drug design protocols may encounter difficulties to investigate poses when the biomolecular targets do not exhibit typical binding pockets. In this study, by providing two concrete examples from our labs, we suggest that the combination of metadynamics free energy methods (validated against affinity measurements), along with experimental structural information (by X-ray crystallography and NMR), can help to identify the poses of ligands on protein surfaces. The simulation workflow proposed here was implemented in a widely used code, namely GROMACS, and it could straightforwardly be applied to various drug-design campaigns targeting ligands' binding to protein surfaces.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Biophysical Phenomena
  • Computer Simulation
  • Drug Design*
  • Ligands
  • Membrane Proteins*
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Protein Binding

Substances

  • Membrane Proteins
  • Ligands