Comparative study of the impact of dietary supplementation with different types of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on enhancing intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 27:14:1190590. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190590. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

The CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) reportedly possess the capacity to strengthen immunity in mammals. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with 17 types of CpG ODNs on intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Diets including 50 mg kg-1 CpG ODNs wrapped in egg whites were prepared and divided into 17 different groups, with 2 control groups (normal feed and feed with egg whites). These CpG ODNs supplemented diets and the control diets were fed to L. vannamei (5.15 ± 0.54 g) three times daily at 5%-8% shrimp body weight for three weeks. The results of consecutive detection of intestinal microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that 11 of the 17 types of CpG ODNs significantly enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity, increased the populations of several probiotic bacteria, and activated possible mechanisms relevant to diseases. The immune-related genes expression and antioxidant capacity in hepatopancreas further demonstrated that the 11 types of CpG ODNs effectively improved the innate immunity of shrimp. Additionally, histology results showed that the CpG ODNs in the experiment did not damage the tissue structure of hepatopancreas. The results suggest that CpG ODNs could be used as a trace supplement to improve the intestinal health and immunity of shrimp.

Keywords: CpG oligodeoxynucleotides; Litopenaeus vannamei; immune modulation; innate immunity; intestinal microbiota.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Dietary Supplements / analysis
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
  • Mammals / metabolism
  • Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / metabolism
  • Penaeidae*
  • Transcriptome

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Oligodeoxyribonucleotides

Grants and funding

The work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2021ZLGX03), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1200805), the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City Management Foundation (SKJC-2020-02-009), the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (320LH062), and the Startup Fund of Young Talents Project of Ocean University of China/Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (202112019).