Pharmacokinetic and toxicological overview of propyl gallate food additive

Fatemeh Javaheri-Ghezeldizaj; Adel Mirza Alizadeh; Parvin Dehghan; Jafar Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135219

Pharmacokinetic and toxicological overview of propyl gallate food additive

Food Chem. 2023 Oct 15:423:135219. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135219. Epub 2023 May 5.

Authors

Fatemeh Javaheri-Ghezeldizaj¹, Adel Mirza Alizadeh², Parvin Dehghan³, Jafar Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
³ Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: dehghanp@tbzmed.ac.ir.
⁴ Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: ezzatij@tbzmed.ac.ir.

PMID: 37178593
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135219

Abstract

The progressive use of food additives in "ultra-processed" food has increased attention to them. Propyl gallate (PG) is an essential synthetic preservative that commonly used in food, cosmetics, and pharmacies as an antioxidant. This study aimed to outline the existing evidence on the toxicological studies of PG including its physicochemical properties, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics effects. The methods include updated searches for the relevant databases. The EFSA has evaluated the use of PG in food industry. It establishes an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.5 mg/kg bw per day. Based on exposure assessment, it can be concluded that at the current level of use, PG is not of safety concern.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Food additive; Pharmacokinetic; Propyl gallate; Toxicity.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antioxidants
Food Additives* / toxicity
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
Propyl Gallate* / toxicity

Substances

Propyl Gallate
Food Additives
Antioxidants
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical