Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine in Shanghai, China: A Test-Negative Design Study

Wenjie Ma; Zhongqiu Wei; Jiayin Guo; Lijuan Lu; Jingjing Li; Jiehao Cai; Xiangshi Wang; Hailing Chang; Zhuoying Huang; Xiang Guo; Qirong Zhu; Jin Xu; Mei Zeng

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113461

Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine in Shanghai, China: A Test-Negative Design Study

J Pediatr. 2023 Aug:259:113461. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113461. Epub 2023 May 11.

Authors

Wenjie Ma¹, Zhongqiu Wei¹, Jiayin Guo², Lijuan Lu³, Jingjing Li¹, Jiehao Cai¹, Xiangshi Wang¹, Hailing Chang¹, Zhuoying Huang⁴, Xiang Guo⁴, Qirong Zhu¹, Jin Xu⁵, Mei Zeng⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
² Department of Microbiology, Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Institute of Immunization, Shanghai Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zengmeigao@aliyun.com.

PMID: 37172809
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113461

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, RV5) among young children in Shanghai, China, via a test-negative design study.

Study design: We consecutively recruited children visiting a tertiary children's hospital for acute diarrhea from November 2021 to February 2022. Information on clinical data and rotavirus vaccination was collected. Fresh fecal samples were obtained for rotavirus detection and genotyping. To evaluate VE of RV5 against rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children, unconditional logistic regression models were conducted to compare ORs for vaccination between rotavirus-positive cases and test-negative controls.

Results: A total of 390 eligible children with acute diarrhea were enrolled, including 45 (11.54%) rotavirus-positive cases and 345 (88.46%) test-negative controls. After excluding 4 cases (8.89%) and 55 controls (15.94%) who had received the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine, 41 cases (12.39%) and 290 controls (87.61%) were included for the evaluation of RV5 VE. After adjustment for potential confounders, the 3-dose RV5 vaccination showed 85% (95% CI, 50%-95%) VE against mild to moderate rotavirus gastroenteritis among children aged 14 weeks to ≤4 years and 97% (95% CI, 83%-100%) VE among children aged 14 weeks to ≤2 years with genotypes G8P8, G9P8, and G2P4 represented 78.95%, 18.42%, and 2.63% of circulation strains, respectively.

Conclusions: A 3-dose vaccination of RV5 is highly protective against rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children in Shanghai. The G8P8 genotype prevailled in Shanghai after RV5 introduction.

Keywords: children; rotavirus gastroenteritis; rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, RV5); vaccine effectiveness.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

China / epidemiology
Diarrhea / epidemiology
Diarrhea / prevention & control
Gastroenteritis* / epidemiology
Gastroenteritis* / prevention & control
Hospitalization
Humans
Rotavirus Infections* / epidemiology
Rotavirus Infections* / prevention & control
Rotavirus Vaccines* / therapeutic use
Rotavirus*
Vaccination
Vaccines, Combined

Substances

Rotavirus Vaccines
Vaccines, Combined