Factors influencing and changes in childhood vaccination coverage over time in Bangladesh: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis

Satyajit Kundu; Subarna Kundu; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Joshua Okyere; Susmita Ghosh; Ahmed Hossain; Najim Z Alshahrani; Md Hasan Al Banna; Md Ashfikur Rahman; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah

doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15711-x

Factors influencing and changes in childhood vaccination coverage over time in Bangladesh: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis

BMC Public Health. 2023 May 11;23(1):862. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15711-x.

Authors

Satyajit Kundu^#^{1

2}, Subarna Kundu^#³, Abdul-Aziz Seidu^{4

5

6}, Joshua Okyere⁷, Susmita Ghosh^{8

9}, Ahmed Hossain^{10

11}, Najim Z Alshahrani¹², Md Hasan Al Banna^{13

14}, Md Ashfikur Rahman¹⁵, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh. satyajitnfs@gmail.com.
² Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh. satyajitnfs@gmail.com.
³ Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
⁴ Faculty of Built and Natural Environment, Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.
⁵ Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.
⁶ College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
⁷ Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
⁸ Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
⁹ Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
¹⁰ College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
¹¹ Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
¹² Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
¹⁴ Nutrition Initiative (NI), Kushtia, Bangladesh.
¹⁵ Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
¹⁶ School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the associated factors and changes in childhood vaccination coverage over time in Bangladesh.

Methods: Bangladesh's Demographic and Health Surveys from 2011, 2014, and 2017-18 provided data for this study on vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 35 months. For three survey periods, multilevel binary logistic regression models were employed.

Results: The overall prevalence (weighted) of full vaccination among children aged 12-35 months were 86.17% in 2011, 85.13% in 2014, and 89.23% in 2017-18. Children from families with high wealth index, mothers with higher education, and over the age of 24 and who sought at least four ANC visits, as well as children from urban areas were more likely to receive full vaccination. Rangpur division had the highest change rate of vaccination coverage from 2011 to 2014 (2.26%), whereas Sylhet division had the highest change rate from 2014 to 2017-18 (34.34%).

Conclusion: To improve immunization coverage for Bangladeshi children, policymakers must integrate vaccine programs, paying special attention to mothers without at least a high school education and families with low wealth index. Increased antenatal care visits may also aid in increasing the immunization coverage of their children.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Childhood vaccination; Demographic and Health Survey; Immunization; Prevalence.

MeSH terms

Bangladesh
Child
Female
Health Surveys
Humans
Infant
Mothers / education
Pregnancy
Socioeconomic Factors
Vaccination Coverage*
Vaccination*