A comprehensive investigation of the low-velocity impact response of enhanced GFRP composites with single and hybrid loading of various types of nanoparticles

Reza Barbaz-Isfahani; Hooman Dadras; Saeed Saber-Samandari; Alireza Taherzadeh-Fard; Gholamhossein Liaghat

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15930

A comprehensive investigation of the low-velocity impact response of enhanced GFRP composites with single and hybrid loading of various types of nanoparticles

Heliyon. 2023 Apr 29;9(5):e15930. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15930. eCollection 2023 May.

Authors

Reza Barbaz-Isfahani^{1

2}, Hooman Dadras^{1

2}, Saeed Saber-Samandari^{1

3}, Alireza Taherzadeh-Fard⁴, Gholamhossein Liaghat⁴

Affiliations

¹ New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
² Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
³ Composites Research Laboratory (CRLab), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Mechanical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of incorporating various types of nanoparticles, both singularly and in hybrid form, on the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. GFRP composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method and different weight percentages (wt. %) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), clay, TiO₂, and CuO nanoparticles were added into the matrix of composites. To test the LVI response, 14 types of specimens were fabricated with single and hybrid nanoparticle loadings, and LVI tests were conducted using 5 and 10-cm span dimensions at two levels of subjected energy. The experimental results reveal that specimens with a single loading of MWCNT or nano-clay have a lower maximum contact force compared to pure specimens with fully rebounding behavior. This indicates that neither 5 nor 10 cm spans result in severe damages during the impact tests. Furthermore, incorporating more MWCNTs results in stiffer behavior and more brittleness. The study also explores the synergetic effect of adding hybrid nanoparticles in the fabricated composites and discusses the calculated results for absorbed energy. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are analyzed to evaluate the enhancement mechanisms resulting from the addition of nanoparticles to GFRP composite specimens.

Keywords: Absorbed energy; GFRP composites; Low-velocity impact; Nanoparticle; Synergetic effect.