Spread of Pathogens Causing Respiratory Viral Diseases Before and During CoVID-19 Pandemic in Kazakhstan

Nailya Klivleyeva; Galina Lukmanova; Tatyana Glebova; Mira Shamenova; Nuray Ongarbayeva; Nurbol Saktaganov; Assem Baimukhametova; Sagadat Baiseiit; Dariya Ismagulova; Gulmira Kassymova; Almagul Rachimbayeva; Ardak Murzagaliyeva; Gulzakira Xetayeva; Rauna Isabayeva; Madisha Sagatova

doi:10.1007/s12088-023-01064-x

Spread of Pathogens Causing Respiratory Viral Diseases Before and During CoVID-19 Pandemic in Kazakhstan

Indian J Microbiol. 2023 Mar;63(1):129-138. doi: 10.1007/s12088-023-01064-x. Epub 2023 Feb 28.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ The Laboratory of Viral Biochemistry, The Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLP, 105 Bogenbai Batyr Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
² The Meyirim Medical Center, 29 Pushkin Street, Taraz, Kazakhstan.
³ The Almaty Branch of National Center for Expertise, 3 Zhibek Zholy Avenue, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
⁴ The West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, 68 Maresyev Street, Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
⁵ The Children's City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, SOPE On REM, ChCCIDH, 299a Baizakova Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
⁶ The Communal State Enterprise Regional Region Clinical Hospital (CSE RCH) of Karaganda Regional Health Department, 41/43 Erubaev Street, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
⁷ The East Kazakhstan Regional Branch of National Center for Expertise, 17 Independence Avenue, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan.

Abstract

Analyze clinical samples collected and determine the etiology of viral pathogens and the dynamics of their spread. Acute respiratory viral infections remain one of the key health problems worldwide. They constitute etiologically independent diseases, with similar clinical infection manifestations and a single mechanism for the transmission of pathogens. 4712 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with acute respiratory infections that tested negative for COVID-19 and were examined in this study. The collected samples were screened by a real-time polymerase chain reaction on a Rotor-Gene Q6 plex instrument. Statistical processing of the results, tabular, and graphical data were analyzed in the MS Excel. The largest number of the nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children under 17 years of age (60.75%). In 702 samples (9.85%) pathogens of respiratory infections of non-influenza etiology were detected, including adenovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus, metapneumovirus, paramyxovirus types I-IV, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. At the same time, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, different influenza virus variants co-circulation (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and type B) were discovered, with a predominance of viruses with the antigenic formula A/H1N1. The results of the study indicate the need for continuous monitoring of the viral pathogens spread, which will expand the existing knowledge of the viral etiology of respiratory diseases and highlight the importance of viruses in the respiratory infections occurrence.

Keywords: Acute respiratory viral infection; Disease; Influenza; Pandemic; Virus.

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