Constraints on the Hubble constant from supernova Refsdal's reappearance

Patrick L Kelly; Steven Rodney; Tommaso Treu; Masamune Oguri; Wenlei Chen; Adi Zitrin; Simon Birrer; Vivien Bonvin; Luc Dessart; Jose M Diego; Alexei V Filippenko; Ryan J Foley; Daniel Gilman; Jens Hjorth; Mathilde Jauzac; Kaisey Mandel; Martin Millon; Justin Pierel; Keren Sharon; Stephen Thorp; Liliya Williams; Tom Broadhurst; Alan Dressler; Or Graur; Saurabh Jha; Curtis McCully; Marc Postman; Kasper Borello Schmidt; Brad E Tucker; Anja von der Linden

doi:10.1126/science.abh1322

Constraints on the Hubble constant from supernova Refsdal's reappearance

Science. 2023 Jun 9;380(6649):eabh1322. doi: 10.1126/science.abh1322. Epub 2023 Jun 9.

Authors

Patrick L Kelly¹, Steven Rodney², Tommaso Treu³, Masamune Oguri^{4

5

6}, Wenlei Chen¹, Adi Zitrin⁷, Simon Birrer^{8

9}, Vivien Bonvin¹⁰, Luc Dessart¹¹, Jose M Diego¹², Alexei V Filippenko^{13

14}, Ryan J Foley¹⁵, Daniel Gilman^{3

16}, Jens Hjorth¹⁷, Mathilde Jauzac^{18

19

20

21}, Kaisey Mandel^{22

23}, Martin Millon^{8

10}, Justin Pierel^{2

24}, Keren Sharon²⁵, Stephen Thorp^{22

26}, Liliya Williams¹, Tom Broadhurst²⁷, Alan Dressler²⁸, Or Graur^{29

30}, Saurabh Jha³¹, Curtis McCully^{32

33}, Marc Postman²⁴, Kasper Borello Schmidt³⁴, Brad E Tucker^{35

36

37}, Anja von der Linden⁹

Affiliations

¹ Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁴ Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
⁵ Research Center for the Early Universe, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
⁶ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.
⁷ Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
⁸ Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
¹⁰ Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Observatoire de Sauverny, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
¹¹ Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Sorbonne Université, F-75014 Paris, France.
¹² Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y la Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
¹³ Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
¹⁴ Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California Observatories, Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada.
¹⁷ Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁸ Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
¹⁹ Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
²⁰ Astrophysics Research Center, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
²¹ School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
²² Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK.
²³ Statistical Laboratory, Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WB, UK.
²⁴ Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
²⁵ Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
²⁶ The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
²⁷ Ikerbasque Foundation, University of the Basque Country, Donosita International Physics Center, Donostia, Spain.
²⁸ The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
²⁹ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK.
³⁰ Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.
³¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
³² Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA 93117, USA.
³³ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
³⁴ Leibniz-Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.
³⁵ The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia.
³⁶ National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia.
³⁷ The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions, ACT 2611, Australia.

PMID: 37167351
DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1322

Abstract

The gravitationally lensed supernova Refsdal appeared in multiple images produced through gravitational lensing by a massive foreground galaxy cluster. After the supernova appeared in 2014, lens models of the galaxy cluster predicted that an additional image of the supernova would appear in 2015, which was subsequently observed. We use the time delays between the images to perform a blinded measurement of the expansion rate of the Universe, quantified by the Hubble constant (H₀). Using eight cluster lens models, we infer [Formula: see text]. Using the two models most consistent with the observations, we find [Formula: see text]. The observations are best reproduced by models that assign dark-matter halos to individual galaxies and the overall cluster.