The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Interleukin-32 in Osteoclast Differentiation

Abstract

The recently explained cytokine, which is produced after the stimulation of interferon (IFN)-c, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-18 is IL-32, has pro-inflammatory IFN-c, IL-2 and IL-18 are IL-32 mediator's properties that are generally entailed in many diseases, including infections, cancer, and chronic inflammation. After the initial statement in 2005, it promoted the osteoclast precursor's differentiation into TRAcP plus VNR plus multinucleated cells that express explicit osteoclast indicators. Furthermore, the loss of bone resorption might be accredited because of the collapse of the multinucleated cells, which are produced of the reaction to IL-32 to direct factoring that is ultimately essential for attaching the cells for bone resorption. Thus, in conclusion, IL-32, the pro-inflammatory mediator, has an important and indirect role in regulating osteoclast differentiation. In bone disorder's pathophysiology, critical role of IL-32 needs more scientific evidence to develop a rational treatment protocol. IL-32 can become a potent mediator of active osteoclast generation in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). This novel cytokine can introduce more favorable conditions for osteoclastogenesis in the rheumatic arthritis by increasing the RANKL and osteoprotegerin ratio in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Keywords: Interleukin-32; cytokines; osteoclast; pro-inflammatory.