Given the particular characteristics of a sudden outbreak of an epidemic on a regional scale and considering the possible existence of a latent period process, this paper takes the distribution of regional emergency supplies as the research object. Form the proposes a dynamic vehicle path problem from the perspective of real-time demand changes. First, when there is a sudden outbreak of a small-scale epidemic, there is uncertainty about demand in the epidemic area. The objective functions of minimizing the vehicle travel route cost of emergency vehicles, the late arrival penalty cost of emergency vehicles, and the fixed cost of emergency vehicles, as well as the objective function of minimizing the total distance traveled by vehicles, are established. Second, a mathematical model of the dynamic real-time demand vehicle route problem is built using the actual vehicle routing problem as a basis. The model is then solved using the SFSSA method. Finally, the computational results demonstrate that the SFSSA algorithm can effectively reduce transportation cost and distance when solving the constructed mathematical model problem, providing a solution to the problem of optimizing the route of emergency material distribution vehicles for a regional scale.
Keywords: SFSSA algorithm; epidemic emergency; material distribution; route optimization.