Factors Associated with Periodontitis in Patients with and without HIV

Luanderson Lopes Pereira; Daniele Veiga Siqueira Amorim; Willian Brito Sampaio; Thais Almeida Cruz Azevêdo; Vanessa Bispo Pereira Cardoso; Felipe Barreto Lemos; Andressa Silva Chang; Fernanda Machado; Fernanda Pereira Lima; Frederico Sampaio Neves; Andreia Cristina Leal Figueiredo

doi:10.1155/2023/9929835

Factors Associated with Periodontitis in Patients with and without HIV

Int J Dent. 2023 Apr 29:2023:9929835. doi: 10.1155/2023/9929835. eCollection 2023.

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.
² Department of Pediatric Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
³ Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Dental Radiology, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Public Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare clinical periodontal conditions in HIV-positive people on HAART with an HIV-negative group, in addition to investigating factors associated with periodontitis in the entire sample.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by oral clinical examination for the diagnosis of periodontitis, review of medical records, and application of a questionnaire containing personal data, deleterious habits, and oral hygiene habits for the other variables. The results were analyzed by Pearson's χ ² test and Student's t-test. A logistic regression model was constructed for the multivariate analysis and periodontitis was defined as a dependent variable. The analysis was performed on the entire sample (HIV+ and HIV-) and also on the group consisting of only people living with HIV.

Results: Individuals older than 43 years old and with HIV were more likely to develop moderate and severe periodontitis (47.80 and 4.84 times, respectively). When analyzing only HIV+, in addition to age (OR = 2.795; CI = 1.080-7.233), the use of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (OR = 2.841; CI = 1.135-7.112) was also associated with moderate and severe periodontitis.

Conclusion: It was possible to observe a higher prevalence of periodontitis among individuals with HIV, showing an association between the virus, advanced age, and moderate or severe periodontitis.