Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian version of Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R) in patients with multiple sclerosis

Akram Ahmadi; Masoume Hajipour; Fatemeh Vojoudi; Fatemeh Haresabadi; Ali Mashhadi; Mohammad-Ali Nahayati; Toktam Maleki Shahmahmood

doi:10.1080/23279095.2023.2205592

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian version of Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R) in patients with multiple sclerosis

Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2023 May 8:1-9. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2205592. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Akram Ahmadi^{1

2}, Masoume Hajipour³, Fatemeh Vojoudi⁴, Fatemeh Haresabadi³, Ali Mashhadi⁵, Mohammad-Ali Nahayati⁶, Toktam Maleki Shahmahmood³

Affiliations

¹ Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran.
² Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran.
³ School of Paramedical Sciences and Rehabilitation, Speech Therapy Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁴ Faculty of Rehabilitation, Speech Therapy Department, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
⁵ Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

PMID: 37155723
DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2205592

Abstract

Purpose: The present research translated and validated the Persian version of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: A two-step study was performed in the current work. First, the scale was translated and culturally adopted to Persian. In the second step, the translated questionnaire was presented to 150 patients with MS and 50 individuals in the control group. Then, construct validity (factor analysis and clinical validity) and reliability measures (test-retest reliability and internal consistency) were computed for this questionnaire.

Results: Patients with MS obtained higher scores in EMQ-R than the control group (p < .001). The findings of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett test approved the sampling adequacy for computing the factor analysis (p < .001). The accuracy of the three-dimensional structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Findings of test-retest (ICC = .95, 95%CI .91-.98, p < .001) and internal consistency revealed a satisfactory value (α = .95, p < .001).

Conclusions: Satisfactory findings for construct validity and high values for reliability revealed that the Persian version of EMQ-R is a reliable and valid scale to measure the everyday memory of patients with MS in the cognitive assessments of this group.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPersian EMQ-R is a valid, reliable, fast, and easy to administer tool for evaluating the beliefs and insights of patients suffering from MS or other clinical conditions about their cognitive dysfunctions, in day-to-day lives with some differentiation between memory and attentional difficulties. This questionnaire can be a practical clinical tool for the assessment of the cognitive deficits, which might not be detected via formal neuropsychological assessments, and could be a valuable scale to measure the effects of treatment approaches to level up memory function in a way that could be generalized to daily life performance.

Keywords: Assessment; everyday memory; multiple sclerosis; questionnaire; reliability; translation; validity.