1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, 755-8505, Japan.
2 Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube City, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan.
3 Engineering Center for Orthopaedic Research Excellence (E-CORE), Departments of Bioengineering and Orthopaedics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.