Assessing the recovery in species, size and location diversities of a lowland tropical rainforest after shifting cultivation by multiple indices at stand and neighborhood scales

Chaofan Zhou; Yi Ding; Runguo Zang

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118089

Assessing the recovery in species, size and location diversities of a lowland tropical rainforest after shifting cultivation by multiple indices at stand and neighborhood scales

J Environ Manage. 2023 Sep 1:341:118089. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118089. Epub 2023 May 4.

Authors

Chaofan Zhou¹, Yi Ding¹, Runguo Zang²

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
² Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: zangrung@caf.ac.cn.

PMID: 37148760
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118089

Abstract

Tropical forests are rapidly being converted for agricultural use, but abandoned agricultural lands can recover naturally through secondary succession. However, comprehensive knowledges of how species composition, size structure and spatial patterning (represented by species, size and location diversities) change during recovery at multiple scales are still lacking. Our aim was to explore these change patterns to understand the underlying mechanisms of forest recovery and propose corresponding solutions for restoring regrowing secondary forests. Here, twelve 1ha forest dynamics plots (4 plots each in young-secondary forests (YS), old-secondary forests (OS) and old-growth forests (OG) from a chronosequence of tropical lowland rainforest after shifting cultivation) were used to assessed the recovery in species, size and location diversity of trees at stand (plot) and neighborhood (focal tree and its neighbors) scale by using 8 indices. The relative recoveries of YS and OS were quantified by dividing each of the indices in YS and OS to those in OG. Results showed that species and size diversity increased while location diversity decreased with the recovery process. The relative recovery of location diversity was higher than those of species and size diversity in both YS and OS, while species diversity was only higher than size diversity in YS. The relative recovery of species diversity at neighborhood scale was higher than that at stand scale in OS, while there were no differences between scales in size and location diversity. Additionally, using only the Shannon index and Gini coefficient at two scales can provide consistent insights into the recovery patterns of diversity as indicated by the 8 indices. Our study demonstrated that recovery rates of secondary forests relative to old-growth counterparts could be comprehensively quantified using multiple diversity indices in three types at two scales. This quantitative assessment on the relative recovery of disturbed forests could be helpful in applying appropriate management activities and selecting rational approaches to speed up restoration process of degraded forest ecosystems.

Keywords: Location diversity; Neighborhood scale; Secondary forest restoration; Size diversity; Species diversity; Stand scale.

MeSH terms

Biodiversity
Ecosystem*
Forests
Rainforest*
Trees
Tropical Climate