B-1 cells in immunotoxicology: Mechanisms underlying their response to chemicals and particles

Léa Hiéronimus; François Huaux

doi:10.3389/ftox.2023.960861

B-1 cells in immunotoxicology: Mechanisms underlying their response to chemicals and particles

Front Toxicol. 2023 Apr 18:5:960861. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2023.960861. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Léa Hiéronimus¹, François Huaux¹

Affiliation

¹ Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.

Abstract

Since their discovery nearly 40 years ago, B-1 cells have continued to challenge the boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, as well as myeloid and lymphoid functions. This B-cell subset ensures early immunity in neonates before the development of conventional B (B-2) cells and respond to immune injuries throughout life. B-1 cells are multifaceted and serve as natural- and induced-antibody-producing cells, phagocytic cells, antigen-presenting cells, and anti-/pro-inflammatory cytokine-releasing cells. This review retraces the origin of B-1 cells and their different roles in homeostatic and infectious conditions before focusing on pollutants comprising contact-sensitivity-inducing chemicals, endocrine disruptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands, and reactive particles.

Keywords: B-1 lymphocytes; B1 cells; autoantibody; autoimmunity; granuloma; inflammation.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the « Actions de Recherche Concertées, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (ARC 19/24-098, CYTAID), « Fondation Contre le Cancer » (2019-219) and « European Commission under H2020 project » (874707, Eximious). FH is a Senior Research Associate with the FNRS, Belgium. LH is a PhD student at the UCLouvain with a bursary funded by the European Association of Insulation Manufacturers (EURIMA, Belgium).