In 2021, a total of 151 pregnant women were selected from the suburb of Shanghai. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data about maternal age, gestational week, total annual household income, education level and passive smoking among pregnant women and one spot urine was collected. The concentrations of eight neonicotinoid pesticides and four metabolites in urine were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differences in detection frequencies and concentrations of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites among pregnant women with different characteristics were compared, and the influencing factors of the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in urine were analyzed. The results showed that at least one neonicotinoid pesticide was detected in 93.4% (141 samples) of urine samples. The detection frequencies of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and N-desmethyl-clothianidin were high, about 78.1% (118 samples), 75.5% (114 samples), 68.9% (104 samples), and 44.4% (67 samples), respectively. The median concentration of the sum of all neonicotinoid pesticides was 2.66 μg/g. N-desmethyl-acetamiprid had the highest detection concentration with a median concentration of 1.04 μg/g. A lower urinary detection frequency of imidacloprid and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women aged 30-44 years [OR (95%CI): 0.23 (0.07-0.77)]. A higher detection frequency of clothianidin and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women with per capita annual household income≥100 000 yuan [OR (95%CI): 6.15 (1.56-24.28)]. There was widespread exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in pregnant women from the suburb of Shanghai, which might pose potential health risks to pregnant women, and maternal age and household income were potential influencing factors of the exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides.
2021年于上海市城郊选取151名孕妇作为研究对象，对其进行问卷调查（年龄、孕周、家庭年总收入、文化程度和二手烟接触情况）并采集随机尿液。采用超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱测定尿液中8种新烟碱类杀虫剂和4种代谢物浓度。比较不同特征孕妇间新烟碱类杀虫剂及其代谢物检出率和浓度差异，分析尿液新烟碱类杀虫剂检出相关因素。结果显示：93.4%（141份）的尿样中至少检出一种新烟碱类杀虫剂。去甲基啶虫脒、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和去甲基噻虫胺检出率较高，分别为78.1%（118份）、75.5%（114份）、68.9%（104份）和44.4%（67份）。全部新烟碱检出浓度中位数为2.66 μg/g。去甲基啶虫脒检出浓度最高，检出浓度中位数为1.04 μg/g。30~44岁组孕妇尿液中吡虫啉及其代谢物检出率较低［OR（95%CI）：0.23（0.07~0.77）］，家庭人均年收入≥10万元的孕妇尿液中噻虫胺及其代谢物检出率较高［OR（95%CI）：6.15（1.56~24.28）］。上海市城郊孕妇普遍暴露于新烟碱类杀虫剂及其代谢物，存在潜在健康风险，而且孕妇年龄和家庭收入是潜在影响因素。.