Injuries and Use of Safety Equipment in River Surfing

Christina Wende; Christophe Lambert; Juergen Hoeher; Maurice Balke

doi:10.1177/23259671231155884

Injuries and Use of Safety Equipment in River Surfing

Orthop J Sports Med. 2023 Apr 27;11(4):23259671231155884. doi: 10.1177/23259671231155884. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Authors

Christina Wende¹, Christophe Lambert², Juergen Hoeher^{2

3}, Maurice Balke^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
² Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany.
³ Sportsclinic Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany.

Abstract

Background: River surfing (also called "rapid surfing") involves surfing on stationary waves that are artificially created or placed in rivers and is gaining popularity, especially among surfers in landlocked areas but also among athletes without experience in ocean surfing. Different wave setups, types of boards, and types of fins, as well as the use of safety equipment, can lead to overuse and injuries.

Purpose: To analyze the incidence, mechanisms, and risk factors of river surfing-related injuries for different types of waves and to evaluate the usage and appropriateness of safety equipment.

Study design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods: An online survey was distributed via social media to river surfers in German-speaking countries to collect information on demographics, injury history for the previous 12 months, wave site attended, use of (safety) equipment, and health issues. The survey was accessible between November 2021 and February 2022.

Results: A total of 213 participants completed the survey: 195 participants from Germany, 10 from Austria, 6 from Switzerland, and 2 from other countries. The mean age was 36 years (range, 11-73 years), 72% (n = 153) were male, and 10% (n = 22) took part in competitions. Overall, 60% (n = 128) of surfers experienced 741 surfing-related injuries over the previous 12 months. The most common mechanisms of injury were contact with the bottom of the pool/river (n = 75 [35%]), with the board (n = 65 [30%]), and with the fins (n = 57 [27%]). The most frequent injury types were contusions/bruises (n = 256), cuts/lacerations (n = 159), abrasions (n = 152), and overuse (n = 58). Injuries affected mainly the feet/toes (n = 90), head/face (n = 67), hand/fingers (n = 51), knee (n = 49), lower back (n = 49), and thighs (n = 45). Earplugs were used by 50 (24%) participants, and a helmet was used regularly by 38 (18%) participants and never by 175 (82%) participants.

Conclusion: The most frequent types of injury in river surfers were contusions/bruises, cuts/lacerations, and abrasions. The main mechanisms of injury were contact with the bottom of the pool/river, with the board, or with the fins. The feet/toes were more prone to injuries, followed by the head/face and hand/fingers.

Keywords: artificial wave; injury epidemiology; rapid surf; river surf; sport injuries; surfing.