Reprogramming viral immune evasion for a rational design of next-generation vaccines for RNA viruses

Chia-Ming Su; Yijun Du; Raymond R R Rowland; Qiuhong Wang; Dongwan Yoo

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172000

Reprogramming viral immune evasion for a rational design of next-generation vaccines for RNA viruses

Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 17:14:1172000. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172000. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Chia-Ming Su¹, Yijun Du², Raymond R R Rowland¹, Qiuhong Wang^{3

4}, Dongwan Yoo¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
² Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
³ Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.
⁴ Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.

Abstract

Type I interferons (IFNs-α/β) are antiviral cytokines that constitute the innate immunity of hosts to fight against viral infections. Recent studies, however, have revealed the pleiotropic functions of IFNs, in addition to their antiviral activities, for the priming of activation and maturation of adaptive immunity. In turn, many viruses have developed various strategies to counteract the IFN response and to evade the host immune system for their benefits. The inefficient innate immunity and delayed adaptive response fail to clear of invading viruses and negatively affect the efficacy of vaccines. A better understanding of evasion strategies will provide opportunities to revert the viral IFN antagonism. Furthermore, IFN antagonism-deficient viruses can be generated by reverse genetics technology. Such viruses can potentially serve as next-generation vaccines that can induce effective and broad-spectrum responses for both innate and adaptive immunities for various pathogens. This review describes the recent advances in developing IFN antagonism-deficient viruses, their immune evasion and attenuated phenotypes in natural host animal species, and future potential as veterinary vaccines.

Keywords: IFN antagonism; NF-kappa B (NF-κB); live-attenuated vaccine; next-generation vaccines; type I interferons (IFNs); veterinary vaccine; veterinary virology; viral immune evasion.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Animals
Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
Immune Evasion
Interferon Type I*
RNA Viruses*
Vaccines*

Substances

Antiviral Agents
Interferon Type I
Vaccines

Grants and funding

This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Competitive Grants nos. 2018-67015-28287 and 2023-67015-39710 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) to DY.