Dysfunction of default mode network characterizes generalized anxiety disorder relative to social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder

Minlan Yuan; Bo Liu; Biao Yang; Wen Dang; Hua Xie; Su Lui; Changjian Qiu; Hongru Zhu; Wei Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.099

Dysfunction of default mode network characterizes generalized anxiety disorder relative to social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder

J Affect Disord. 2023 Aug 1:334:35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.099. Epub 2023 Apr 29.

Authors

Minlan Yuan¹, Bo Liu¹, Biao Yang², Wen Dang³, Hua Xie⁴, Su Lui⁵, Changjian Qiu⁶, Hongru Zhu⁷, Wei Zhang⁸

Affiliations

¹ Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
² Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
³ West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
⁴ Children's National Hospital and Center for Neuroscience, Washington, DC, USA.
⁵ Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
⁶ Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: qiuchangjian18@126.com.
⁷ Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: zhuhongru@outlook.com.
⁸ Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

PMID: 37127115
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.099

Abstract

Background: The perseverative cognition of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is distinctive compared to other anxiety disorders. However, the disease-specific and shared neuropathophysiological mechanisms of GAD remain unclear.

Methods: We recruited medication-free patients of GAD (N = 33), social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 36), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; N = 59), and healthy controls (HC; N = 50). All subjects underwent clinical assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We compared both the amplitude low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity across the whole brain, using the significantly different regions from the ALFF analyses as seed regions, followed by post-hoc tests.

Results: We found that ALFF of the left angular gyrus (AG), left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), left precentral gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left cerebellum were higher in GAD compared with SAD, PTSD and HC. This trend was further corroborated by the higher functional connectivity between left AG and bilateral IPL, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in GAD. In addition, GAD and SAD both showed abnormally higher left AG-right insula connectivity. Significant correlations were found between anxiety symptom severity and the left AG regional activity and left AG-left mPFC connectivity.

Limitations: We did not compare the differences in neuroimaging between GAD and other anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder.

Conclusions: The default mode network dysfunction may underlie the distinctive perseverative thoughts of GAD relative to other anxiety disorders, and left AG-right insula connectivity may reflect somatic anxiety of anxiety disorder spectrum.

Keywords: Default mode network; Functional connectivity; Generalized anxiety disorder; Perseverative cognition; Somatic anxiety.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Anxiety Disorders / diagnostic imaging
Brain / diagnostic imaging
Brain Mapping
Default Mode Network
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
Phobia, Social* / diagnostic imaging
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* / diagnostic imaging